Linux 磁盘分区、格式化、目录挂载

2TB以下分区操作方案：

1. 显示当前主机目录

df -h

2.1 显示机器当前的磁盘:

fdisk -l

[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l /dev/xvdb 

Disk /dev/xvdb: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 6527 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000

2.2 fdisk 分区 /dev/xvdb:

fdisk /dev/xvdb

[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/xvdb
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x0adfd119.
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.

Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)

WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
         switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
         sectors (command 'u').
Command (m for help): n（不需要展开帮助）
Command action
   e   extended
   p   primary partition (1-4)
p（选择分区）
Partition number (1-4): 1（选择第1个分区）
First cylinder (1-6527, default 1): （直接回车默认全部容量）
Using default value 1
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-6527, default 6527): 
Using default value 6527

Command (m for help): w（回到最初的一步，输入 w 保存结束）
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.

磁盘格式化

mkfs.ext4 /dev/xvdb1

[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/xvdb1（使用ext4格式进行格式化）
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
3276800 inodes, 13107024 blocks
655351 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296
400 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 
        4096000, 7962624, 11239424

Writing inode tables: done                            
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 28 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

手工挂载

1. 新建目录

mkdir /www

[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/xvdb1 /www

开机自动挂载

vi /etc/fstab

/dev/xvdb1              /www                    ext4    defaults        0 0

2TB以上分区操作方案：

使用命令进入交互模式并且查看当前硬盘分区信息

parted /dev/sdb
输入p

注：如果出现Partition Table: unkown， 没关系，不用管，继续下一步

如果已经存在分区，则需要先删除，删除步骤如下，1 为下面的Number号码：

rm 1  
输入p

将分区设置为gpt格式

mklabel gpt 
输入yes

进行磁盘分区

mkpart primary 0 -1 
Ignore
输入p

退出分区

quit

格式化分区

mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1

请按照上面的挂载磁盘正常挂载即可。